Extracts
from Science Topics
The
Solar System |
Planets
revolve (orbit) around the sun. The earth takes 1 year
to orbit the sun.
Earth also tilts in its orbit and that gives us the
seasons
The moon orbits the earth. The moon takes 28 days to
orbit the earth. |
Materials
(what something is made of). |
Natural
materials: oil wool, cotton and metals: Many are changed
to become useful.
Example: Fabric is made from natural
fibres spun together. Glass is made from sand.
Synthetic materials are man-made. Examples:
Plastic, Nylon/polyester, Fibreglass.
Materials all have certain properties that make
them useful..
Examples; Strength, hardness,
flexibility. They can be moulded and shaped, absorb
or repel liquids, be stretched or compressed.
|
Living
Things |
An
Organism is any living thing, plant
or animal. Organisms are made of cells.
A habitat is where a plant or animal
lives. Example: Land, sea or air.
Air is a mixture of gases. Oxygen
is the gas that our bodies need to stay alive.
Respiration is the process of using
oxygen to turn food into energy.
An organ is a part of the body that
carries out a particular job.
Example: The heart pumps blood
through the lungs and arteries to keep you alive.
The pulse rate, often measured in the
wrist or neck, tells you how many times a minute the
heart is beating. |
Food
and Growth |
Main
ingredients in Food |
Found
in |
Carbohydrates |
Cereals,
potatoes, pasta, sugar, fruit |
Proteins |
Meat,
nuts, beans (pulses), some vegetables |
Fats |
Butter,
whole milk, margarines, oils, nuts. |
Salt |
Man
made foods such as crisps and snacks. |
Fibre
|
Vegetables,
whole grain cereal, pulses |
Minerals |
Most
foods |
Vitamins |
Most
foods |
Water |
Almost
everything |
|
Check
out the ingredients listed on food packets to see
what you are eating.
To keep fit, you need a healthy
diet and regular aerobic exercise.
Children need around 8,800 Kilojoules ( 2100 kilocalories)
a day. More than many adults!
Healthy
Diet |
Daily
intake of energy |
Plenty
of natural Carbohydrates for energy |
60%
|
Some Protein to build and repair tissues |
15%
|
Fats
to oil the joints and give long term energy |
25% |
Fibre |
30
gm per day |
Salt
|
around
3 gm per day |
Note:
Water, sugar and alcohol are absorbed directly
from the stomach and
therefore act very quickly upon the body. |
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